Comparative biomechanical analysis of knee injuries in skiing and snowboarding using Artificial Intelligence 3D modelling

Comparative biomechanical analysis of knee injuries in skiing and snowboarding using Artificial Intelligence 3D modelling
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My research was focused on a comparative biomechanical analysis of knee injuries in skiing
and snowboarding using artificial intelligence 3D modelling. A skiing simulator and three
cameras are being used to analyze the movements of the knee joints during skiing and
snowboarding training. Results showed that there are quite different forces exerted on the
knee joint in skiing than in snowboarding. The analysis also showed what angles should be
avoided, together with certain movements while performing these sports that are more likely
to lead to injuries. Skiers' and snowboarders' knees are one of the least researched fields in
sports biomechanics. It is difficult to pinpoint forces and angles that are exerted on the knee
joint during dynamic exercises like snow sports.
This study aimed to understand how joints are moving during these activities and what could
potentially cause short-term sudden injuries as well as micro-injuries. An endless slope is a
sloping treadmill that helps skiers and snowboarders to improve their form and muscular
strength. This treadmill that replicates snow allows the rider to get the same muscular
exercise as on the mountain while honing the abilities needed to move seamlessly on snow.
During turns, the right ankle angle contracted more than the left, causing the toe edge to sink
further into the snow. The greatest vertical force and plantar pressure were exerted during
backside rotations. There are three sorts of forces in skiing and snowboarding - major, minor
and component.

Figure 1 - Preview of input and reconstruction video

In skiing and snowboarding, knees are bent differently due to the fact that one leg is behind
the other in a way that the back knee is more bent. The reaction force is the main element
that is affecting the knee of an athlete on the slope. Its distribution is complicated and a
function of time. Snowboarders were statistically younger (20 years; range, 4-44 years) and
had a considerably lower Injury Severity Score (15 in snowboarders vs. 27 in skiers).
Snowboarding injuries continue to be common in the lower extremities, with 6.4-17%
occurring in the knee joint and 4.9-16% in the ankle joint.

Torn ligaments, particularly the anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) and medial collateral
ligaments (MCL) are the most common knee injuries sustained when snowboarding.
Snowboarding accidents are often less severe and have distinct injury patterns compared to
skiing accidents. Research works using modern technologies like skiing simulators, are
needed to better understand forces acting on knee joints.
As a result of both literature review and testing, snowboarding accidents are frequently less
serious than skiing accidents and have unique injury patterns. This is significant when
emphasizing the need of protecting this knee joint when participating in winter activities. To
better understand the stresses operating on knee joints and hence lower the likelihood of
accidents, research employing current technology such as skiing simulators is required. This
strategy can be used to improve learning processes in order to minimize injuries associated
with inexperienced or excessive tactics in the case of professional athletes.

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